// Level 3 · Controls
Chapter 8: Remedies, liability and penalties
Remedies, liability and penalties
Art. 77Medium
Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority
Data subjects have right to complain to a supervisory authority.
Art. 78Medium
Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority
Right to challenge supervisory authority decisions in court.
Art. 79Medium
Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor
Right to judicial remedy against controllers/processors directly.
Art. 80Medium
Representation of data subjects
Not-for-profit bodies may represent data subjects in complaints/litigation.
Art. 81Medium
Suspension of proceedings
Courts may suspend proceedings to avoid parallel proceedings on same subject matter.
Art. 82High
Right to compensation and liability
Right to compensation for material/non-material damage from infringement; joint and several liability.
Art. 83High
General conditions for imposing administrative fines
Tiered fines: up to €10M / 2% global turnover, or €20M / 4% global turnover for serious breaches.
Art. 84Medium
Penalties
Member States may lay down additional penalties for infringements not subject to administrative fines.